Power of Attorney: What You Need to Know About POAs in Ontario

Do you ever wonder what would happen if you were suddenly unable to make certain legal, financial, or healthcare decisions for yourself? We all like to think of ourselves as independent individuals who are capable of caring for ourselves, but life will often throw us a curveball.

Illnesses, an accident, or any other kind of event that leaves you unable to make sound decisions for yourself can happen, whether we like to think of it or not. And in those cases, you have to ensure that your financial and personal affairs are taken care of by giving someone you trust the authority to make those decisions on your behalf.

That’s where the Power of Attorney (POA) comes in. In addition to being a smart contingency plan in case the worst should happen, it’s also a powerful estate planning tool that can grant you and your loved ones significant peace of mind. Here’s what you need to know about POAs in Ontario.

Table Of Contents

What is a Power Of Attorney?

What Is a Power of Attorney for Personal Care in Ontario?

What Is a Power of Attorney for Property in Ontario?

Why Would I Need a Power of Attorney?

When Should I Start Planning My Power of Attorney?

Do I Need a Lawyer to Make a Legal Power of Attorney in Ontario?

Does My Power of Attorney Need to Be Notarized?

Ontario POA Forms

A Power of Attorney is a legal document that gives someone the authority to act on your behalf, particularly when it comes to financial and health care matters. It allows the chosen person, who then becomes your designated “attorney” to manage your property, handle your financial affairs, and make decisions about what kind of health care you should be receiving. Keep in mind that although the individual chosen to represent your interests is known as an attorney during a valid POA, they are not your actual lawyer.

A Power of Attorney for personal care refers to creating a POA specifically for health care matters and other types of issues relating to your personal well-being, such as special housing or specific dietary requirements.

The duties of the POA for personal care in Ontario are to:

• Make important decisions on your behalf as it relates to your health and well-being;
• Give consent to health care providers for treatments, surgery or any other medical procedure;
• Manage your day-to-day living needs — food, clothing, housing and anything else that may be needed, such as recreation and transportation.

A POA for personal care tends to be someone you trust intimately, and who knows exactly what you’d want in any given situation where you’re no longer able to speak up for yourself. This is usually a spouse, a partner, an adult child, or a very close friend. You can also name two attorneys, so that one can step in to make decisions if the other one should, for whatever reason, no longer be able to.

It’s also worth pointing out that a POA for personal care only comes into effect if you are no longer mentally capable of making your own healthcare decisions.

A POA for property can deal with the sale, purchase, and management of all your financial assets, including real estate. Below are some of the responsibilities you can perform using power of attorney for your property in Ontario:

• Manage your property and financial affairs, including taxes;
• Deal with real estate and property transactions such as buying real estate, leasing a condo, refinancing a mortgage, or selling your property;
• Make decisions about renting your property;
• Manage investments such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds, bank accounts and GICs-guaranteed investment certificates;
• Manage any money you have in national and foreign bank accounts;
• Applying for any benefits you might be eligible for;
• Paying any bills and debts you may owe.

Unlike a POA for personal care, a POA for property kicks in immediately after they are signed and witnessed, unless otherwise stated.

A POA becomes important when you’re suddenly no longer in a state to make your own financial and healthcare decisions, either because you’re mentally or physically incapacitated or because you’re unable to for other reasons, such as being deployed abroad or being incarcerated.

You can use a POA to designate an attorney to be in charge of your estate. The attorney will be in charge of your property, money, and other personal affairs and represent your best interests in all legal and financial situations.

While of course you hope to never have to use a POA, making one in advance is just good preparation for any unforeseen events that may leave you unable to make decisions for yourself. Think of it as a type of insurance you hope to never have to use.

While most people start thinking of a POA when they’re elderly and perhaps already sick or diagnosed with a severe illness, it’s recommended that no one wait that long. You can create a POA the minute you turn 18. If you want to make a POA for personal care, you can even do so when you turn 16.

Creating a POA is definitely something to think about if your estate includes a lot of complicated legal and financial matters that require your active input, or if you have very specific wishes in terms of your healthcare and potential treatments. When planning a POA, you should always consult with the person you’ve chosen as your attorney, and ensure that they’re aware of your wishes and able to handle the responsibilities, should the time come.

You do not need a lawyer to create a legally binding POA in Ontario. The Ontario government even provides free online kits to create your own POA. However, in order to create a legally binding document, you do need to follow some requirements:

• Your POA needs to be a physical document, like your will. We recommend keeping several physical documents in a safe place, like a filing cabinet in your home, as well as a couple digital copies;
• You must be of sound mind and at least 18 years old for a POA for property, and 16 years old for a personal care POA;
• You must sign the physical copy of the POA before two witnesses;
• The two witnesses must also sign to confirm they’ve seen you sign the POA.

As you can see, the requirements to creating a legally binding POA in Ontario are pretty similar to creating a legally valid will. Of course, if your estate is quite complicated and you own property in various countries or run your own business, you may choose to consult a lawyer on what kind of language your POA should include to ensure your estate is protected.

In Ontario, your POA does not need to be notarized in order to be legally valid, as long as it fulfills all the requirements above.

While POAs for personal care only take effect when you’re no longer capable of making health care decisions for yourself, a POA for property can work in two ways, through the general power of attorney and the enduring power of attorney.

The general power of attorney takes effect immediately when it's given. As a result, this form is perfect for everyday tasks that need to be taken care of. For example, you could give your attorney permission to pay your bills or deal with your taxes. This type of POA is immediately invalid should you become mentally incapacitated.

The enduring or continuing power of attorney takes effect only when you can no longer make decisions. You can list specific instructions in this POA about what your agent can and can't do, and usually include decisions for managing investments, selling or buying property, and taking care of other assets in your estate.

Planning for your future and any worst case scenarios can be challenging. However, with the help of a professional, you can be sure to be on the right track. If you are looking for more information about POAs and how they might be able to help you and your family, contact us at ClearEstate for a free consultation.