A Power of Attorney (POA) ends after the death of the principal.
This legal authority is only valid during the lifetime of the person who issued it, becoming null and void once they pass away.
So in short - no a power of attorney is not valid after the death of the principal.
Understanding the Role of Executors and Administrators After the End of Power of Attorney
So, what happens next? This can be a bit tricky.
Before we can figure out who gets to make decisions on behalf of the deceased, we need to know if the deceased had left a will or not.
If they left a Will: The Executor's Roadmap
If there's a Will, the person or people named as the Executor(s) or Personal Representative(s) in the Will are in charge of making decisions.
But - to gain authority in administering the estate, the executor named in the will has to file a petition for probate.
The probate process can be a bit different in each state, but generally, the executor will need to provide documents like the death certificate, the will, and proof of their own identity to the closest county court in which the deceased passed away in.
If the will is proved and validated through the eyes of the law, the court will issue the executor a letter of testamentary. The letter of testamentary is a legal document that provides the estate administrator with the authority to administer the estate.
After obtaining a letter of testamentary from the court - the executor will be in charge of wrapping up the deceaseds affairs, this includes; notifying beneficiaries, notifying and paying creditors, selling assets, filing the final tax return, etc.
If they didn't leave a Will: Settlement by Intestate Laws
If there's no Will, then the person's property usually goes to the next of kin as defined by the laws of the state where the person lived (these are called “intestacy” laws).
But, the estate still needs to be officially opened by the probate court and an “Administrator” needs to be appointed. This is like an Executor, but for when there's no Will. The Administrator is usually the closest living relative, but it can vary from state to state.
The first person in line who's willing to do the job applies to the court to be appointed as Administrator. The court then gives them the responsibility to settle the estate, which is similar to what an Executor does.
Sometimes, they also need to get a bond as part of their appointment. Usually, a family member is appointed, but if no one steps up and the person who died owed money, a creditor might apply to be the Administrator to settle the debts.
In both cases, whether there's a Will or not, the property of the deceased goes through the probate process. The main difference lies in who makes the decisions and how the property is distributed. With a Will, the deceased has outlined their wishes. Without a Will, the state's laws guide the process. In either scenario, transparency and acting in everyone's best interest are crucial.
